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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to get a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise gathered here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it look at this website with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.